6 Essential Fluids That Keep Your Car Healthy and How to Maintain Them.

Did you know that your car uses 6 essential fluids to keep it running efficiently?

• Engine oil 
• Coolant 
• Power steering fluid 
• Brake fluid 
• Transmission fluid 
• Windscreen washer fluid 

What does engine oil do?

Car engine oil is like the unsung hero of your vehicle, doing a lot of important jobs behind the scenes. It lubricates all the moving parts, which cuts down on friction and wear and tear. Plus, it helps keep things cool by dissipating heat.  

But that’s not all – engine oil also cleans out dirt and debris, protects against rust, seals gaps to ensure smooth combustion, and even absorbs shocks from the engine. So, regular oil checks and changes are key to keeping your engine running smoothly and efficiently. 

What are the 3 types of car engine oil?

The most common types of engine oil are 10W-30, 5W-30, and 0W-20.  

• 10W-30 is a conventional oil that is suitable for most cars. It is a good all-round choice that provides good protection for both hot and cold weather.  
• 5w-30 is a synthetic oil that is also suitable for most cars. It is thinner than 10W-30, which makes it a good choice for cars that operate in cold weather.  
• 0W-20 is a synthetic oil that is designed for cars that require the thinnest oil possible. 

Before checking your vehicle’s engine oil, it’s important to check the owner’s manual and make sure you have the correct type of oil for your car.  

How to check your car’s engine oil level

Step 1: Check the Oil Level 

• Park your car on a level surface. 
• Ensure the engine has been off for a while and is cool to the touch. This allows the oil to settle at the bottom of the sump for an accurate reading. 

Step : Check the Oil Level 

• Open the car’s hood and locate the dipstick. It usually has a brightly coloured handle for easy identification. 

Step 3: Check the Oil Level 

• Remove the dipstick and wipe off any oil with a clean cloth. 
• Reinsert the dipstick fully back into its tube. 
• Remove the dipstick again and observe the oil level. It should be between the minimum and maximum indicators. 

Step 4: Add Oil if Necessary  

• If the oil level is below the minimum mark, add the recommended type of oil for your vehicle. 
• Be careful not to overfill the oil as this could damage the engine. 

Step 5: Check the Oil Quality 

• Examine the oil on the dipstick. The oil should be a clear amber colour. 
• If the oil appears milky brown or contains thick deposits, it may be contaminated, and you should have your engine checked immediately. 

Step 6: Monitor the Oil Warning Light  

• If the oil warning light on your dashboard illuminates, it might indicate low oil pressure. 
• This could be due to low oil levels, dirty oil, or an oil leak. 
• Stop driving immediately and consult a professional mechanic to diagnose and fix the issue to avoid engine damage. 

Step 7: Identify the Oil Warning Light   

• The oil warning light typically resembles an old-fashioned oil can. Some cars may also display the word ‘OIL’ under or next to the light. 
• Refer to your car manual to confirm what the oil warning light looks like in your vehicle. 

What does coolant do? 

Over half the energy produced by your car is converted into heat. Engine coolant (anti-freeze) helps to prevent your engine from overheating by absorbing that heat and expelling it through the exhaust. Without coolant, your engine would reach temperatures beyond its tolerance levels.   

It’s not just heat that engine coolant protects against either; it also helps protect your car in the winter months as it’s resistant to freezing. Win-win! 

What are the main different types of engine coolant? 

All coolants contain a mix of water, antifreeze agents (such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) and corrosion inhibitors, of which there are several types:  

Inorganic Additive Technology (IAT) – Conventional low-silicate coolants used by traditional and classic vehicle iron and steel engines. 

Organic Acid Technology (OAT) – OAT coolant works better with modern (post 2000) aluminium engines.

Nitrated Organic Acid Technology (NOAT) – suitable for heavy-duty and diesel engine applications. 

Hybrid Organic Acid Technology (HOAT) – suitable all types of cars 

If you are unsure what engine coolant your vehicle needs consult your car owner manual or contact your local garage to make sure. Always take the suggestion of the car manufacturer or an experienced technician before choosing a coolant. 

Engine Oil in your Coolant

If you find engine oil in your car coolant reservoir, there are a range of potential reasons, including damaged cylinder head gaskets, damaged cylinder heads the presence of too much water in the engine, or even excessive overheating. Always consult with your mechanic or local garage if you discover oil in your coolant.  

How to check your car’s coolant levels

Step 1: Ensure Engine is Cool

• Make sure your car is parked on a level surface. 
• Ensure the engine is off and completely cool before proceeding. Do not attempt to open the radiator cap if the engine is hot, as the system is pressurised, and the fluid inside can cause severe burns. 

Step 2: Locate the Coolant Tank

• Open the car’s hood and locate the coolant tank. It is usually a translucent container with minimum and maximum level markers. 

Step 3: Check Coolant Level 

• Observe the fluid level in the coolant tank. It should be between the minimum and maximum markers. 
• If the fluid level is below the minimum mark, you will need to add more coolant. 

Step 4: Remove Radiator Cap Safely

• Once the engine is cool, carefully remove the radiator cap using a cloth to protect your hand. 

Step 5: Inspect Coolant Level in Radiator

• Check if the coolant is visible near the top of the radiator opening. If not, you will need to add more coolant. 

Step 6: Refill Coolant 

• Slowly add the correct grade of coolant to the radiator or coolant tank until the fluid level is between the minimum and maximum markers. 
• Be careful not to overfill. 

Step 7: Secure Radiator Cap  

• Replace the radiator cap securely after refilling the coolant. 

Step 8: Monitor Coolant Level  

• Regularly check your coolant level and ensure it remains within the proper range to keep your engine running efficiently and to prevent overheating. 

What does power steering fluid do?

Power steering fluid is the fluid used in the power steering system to create a hydraulic link between the steering wheel and the front wheels, making it easier to turn. 

If you notice your vehicle is becoming difficult to steer it’s important to check that the fluid level isn’t low or empty.  

What types of Power Steering Fluids are there? 

There are three types of power steering fluids that are used in most modern cars; 

Automatic transmission fluid (ATF).

The same fluid used for automatic transmissions can be used in some power steering systems. 

Synthetic power steering fluid.

Most newer vehicles use synthetic fluid that is created in a lab. These varieties are usually engineered for specific types of cars or steering systems. 

Non-synthetic, mineral power steering fluid.

Mineral hydraulic fluid may be used in some instances that accept ATF. 

Please refer to your owner’s manual to learn which type of power steering fluid to use in your car. Choosing an incompatible fluid can permanently damage the power steering system. Be sure to select a replacement steering fluid appropriate for your vehicle. 

What does brake fluid do?

Brake fluid is one of the most essential fluids your car needs. Without brake fluid, your vehicle would not be able to stop when you push the brake pedal. Braking is supposed to happen instantly. So, if you find that there’s any delay or abnormal feeling in your brakes – this fluid is the first thing you should check. 

What are the types of brake fluid?

There are four main types of brake fluid; 

You must use the correct brake fluid in your vehicle. Please refer to your car owner’s manual to learn which type of brake fluid to use in your car. If you are still unsure contact your main dealer. 

How to check your break fluid?

Step 1: Locate the Brake Fluid Reservoir

• Open the car’s bonnet and locate the brake fluid reservoir. It is typically found in the engine bay and is a small, translucent container with minimum and maximum level indicators.  

Step 2: Inspect the Fluid Level

• Check the fluid level by looking at the side of the reservoir. The fluid should be between the minimum and maximum markers. If it’s below the minimum, you’ll need to add more brake fluid. 

Step 3: Check the Fluid Colour

• Observe the colour of the brake fluid. It should be transparent. If the fluid is cloudy or dark, it may be contaminated and should be replaced. 

Step 4: Add Brake Fluid (If Necessary)

• If the fluid level is low, carefully add the correct type of brake fluid for your vehicle. Make sure to pour slowly and avoid overfilling. 

Step 5: Consider Brake Pad Condition

• If you notice a drop in brake fluid levels, it could indicate that your brake pads need replacing. Check your brake pads or have them inspected by a professional. 

Step 6: Follow maintenance schedule

• Regularly change your brake fluid as recommended by your repairer, typically every 2 years. Brake fluid is hygroscopic and absorbs moisture over time, which can lead to rust in brake lines and decreased brake performance. 

What does transmission fluid do? 

The transmission fluid serves a similar purpose to the engine oil; it protects and cools the components inside your transmission. There are several different types of transmission fluid, which is why it’s important to use the fluid recommended in the owner’s manual of your vehicle to achieve the best performance.

What are the three types of transmission fluid?

In general, there are three main types of transmission fluids: automatic transmission fluid and manual transmission fluid. 

Manual transmission fluid –

generally used in older vehicles and vehicles with manual (standard) transmissions 

Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) –

made for vehicles that use automatic transmissions but can be used in vehicles with manual transmissions as well 

Continuously variable transmission fluid (CVT) –

a high-performance, fully synthetic transmission fluid designed to work in a wide range of continuously variable transmission (CVT) equipped passenger vehicles. 

How to check your transmission fluid?

Step 1: Determine Your Transmission Type

• Identify whether your car has a manual or automatic transmission. Most manual transmission cars do not have a dipstick for transmission fluid, while automatic transmission cars typically do. 

Step 2: Locate the Dipstick (Automatic Transmissions Only)

• If your car has an automatic transmission, open the car’s bonnet and locate the transmission fluid dipstick. It is usually found near the back of the engine bay and is marked with a bright handle. 

Step 3: Check the Fluid Level (Automatic Transmissions Only)

• Pull out the dipstick, wipe it clean with a cloth, and reinsert it fully. 
• Remove the dipstick again and check the fluid level. It should be between the minimum and maximum markers. 

Step 4: Assess Fluid Condition (Automatic Transmissions Only)

• Inspect the colour and smell of the transmission fluid. It should be a clear, reddish colour and should not smell burnt. If the fluid is dark or has a burnt smell, it may need to be changed. 

Step 5: Consult a Professional (Manual Transmissions or Concerns)

• For manual transmission vehicles, or if you notice any issues with the fluid in your automatic transmission, consult a professional mechanic. Manual transmission fluid usually only needs to be changed during repairs or servicing and does not typically require regular top-ups.  

Step 6: Safety First

• Do not attempt to change your transmission fluid yourself unless you are a qualified mechanic. This process can be complex and potentially dangerous without the proper expertise and tools. 

How to Check Your Windscreen Washer Fluid 

Step 1: Locate the Washer Fluid Reservoir

• Open the car bonnet and locate the washer fluid reservoir. It is typically situated towards the back of the engine bay and is easily identifiable by its translucent container. 

Step 2: Fill the Reservoir

• Remove the cap from the washer fluid reservoir. 
• Pour washer fluid into the reservoir until it reaches the full mark. 
• Ensure the cap is securely closed to prevent spills and contamination. 

Step 3: Regular Maintenance

• Check your windscreen washer fluid level regularly, ideally at every oil change interval or as needed. 
• Adequate washer fluid is essential for maintaining clear visibility while driving. 

Maintaining your vehicle’s essential fluids is crucial for ensuring its longevity and optimal performance. By paying attention to these 6 essential fluids, you’re taking a proactive step towards maintaining your vehicle’s health.

Because Warrantywise understands the importance of vehicle maintenance and how unexpected repair bills can cause stress, we offer warranty plans that cover a wide range of potential issues. Click here to get a warranty quote for your vehicle today and drive with peace of mind.  

Please note that this blog is for informational purposes only. For any issues or concerns with your vehicle, it is recommended to consult a professional mechanic.